Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute interviewed 1,001 Hong Kong residents by a random telephone survey from late November to early December about how they identify themselves.

It found 39 percent identified themselves as “Hongkongers” – five percentage points lower than half a year ago, and a record low since June 2017.

Those who agreed with the identity “Hongkongers in China” reached 31 percent, three percentage points higher than the last survey.

Eleven percent identified as “Chinese in Hong Kong” – three percentage points lower. Eighteen percent identified themselves as “Chinese” – five percentage points higher than the last survey, and highest since June 2018.